| 字词 | 地质年代表 |
| 释义 | 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 新生代(KZ){Cenozoic}; 纪{Period}: 第四纪{Quaternary}; 符号{Sign}: Q; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}2.6百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}20.7百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organisms}: 本纪初期人类祖先出现{appearance of early man in the Early Quaternary}宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 新生代(KZ){Cenozoic}; 纪{Period}: 新近纪{Neogene}; 符号{Sign}: N; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}23.3百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}41.7百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organisms}: 植物和动物逐渐接近现代。出现三趾马{(Hipparion)}。有孔虫为N?—N带。{fauna and flora gradually approaching modern forms; appearance of Hipparion; foraminifers of the N?-N zones}宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 新生代(KZ){Cenozoic}; 纪{Period}: 古近纪{Palaeogen}; 符号{Sign}: E; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}65百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}72百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organisms}: 植物和动物发育。有孔虫为P?—P带。{development of fauna and flora; foraminifers of the P?-P zones} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 中生代(MZ){Mesozoic}; 纪{Period}: 白垩纪{Cretaceous}; 符号{Sign}: K; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}135百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}68百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 本纪后期,被子植物大量发现。有孔虫兴盛。菊石和箭石渐趋绝迹。爬行类至后期急剧减少{appearance of abundant angiosperms in the Late Cretaceous; flourishing foraminifers; ammonites and belemnites approaching extinction; rapid decrease of reptiles in the Late Cretaceous} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 中生代(MZ){Mesozoic}; 纪{Period}: 侏罗纪{Jurassic}; 符号{Sign}: J; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}203百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}47百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 真蕨、苏铁、银杏和松柏类等繁荣。箭石和菊石兴盛。巨大的爬行类(恐龙)发展。鸟类出现{flourishing pteridophytes, cycadophytes, ginkgo, coniferales; abundant belemnites and ammonites; rise of giant reptiles (dinosaurs); appearance of birds} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 中生代(MZ){Mesozoic}; 纪{Period}: 三叠纪{Triassic}; 符号{Sign}: T; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}250百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}45百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 裸子植物进一步发展。腕足类减少。菊石和瓣鳃类发育。迷齿类绝迹。爬行类发展。哺乳类出现{further development of gymnosperms; decrease of brachiopods; development of ammonites and lamellibranches; extinction of labyrinthodonts; emergence of reptiles; appearance of mammals} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 二叠纪{Permian}; 符号{Sign}: P; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}295百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}60百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 至晚期,木本石松、芦木、种子蕨、科达树等趋于衰落,裸子植物如松柏类等开始发展。菊石、腕足类等继续发展。本纪末,四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚、三叶虫、类绝灭{decline of woody lycopods, calamites, pteridosperms and cordaitales, and rise of gymnosperms like coniferales, in the Late Permian; continued development of ammonites and brachiopods; extinction of tetradactyl corals, tabulatas, trilobites and fusulinids by the end of the Permian} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 石炭纪{Carboniferous}; 符号{Sign}: C; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}355百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}65百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 真蕨、木本石松、芦木、种子蕨、科达树等大量繁荣。笔石衰亡。珊瑚、类、腕足类很多。两栖类进一步发展。爬行类出现{great abundance of woody lycopods, calamites, pteridosperms and cordaitales; decline and disappearance of graptolites; abundant corals, fusulinids and brachiopods; further development of amphibians; appearance of reptiles}宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 泥盆纪{Devonians}; 符号{Sign}: D; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}410百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}25百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 在早期裸蕨类繁荣,中期后,蕨类植物和原始裸子植物出现。腕足类和珊瑚发育。原始菊石出现。昆虫和原始两栖类(迷齿类)最初发现。鱼类发展。至晚期,无颌类趋于绝灭{abundance of psilophytes in the Early Devonian; appearance of pteridophytes and primordial gymnosperms after the Middle Devonian; development of brachiopods and corals; appearance of earliest ammonites; first insects and primordial amphibians (labyrinthodonts); development of fishes; agnatha approaching extinction in the Late Devonian} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 志留纪{Silurian}; 符号{Sign}: S; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}435百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}65百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 在末期,裸蕨类开始出现。腕足类和珊瑚繁荣。三叶虫和笔石仍繁盛。无颌类发育。至晚期,原始鱼类出现{appearance of psilophytes in the Late Silurian; flourishing brachiopods and corals; continued abundance of trilobites and graptolites; development of agnatha; appearance of primitive fishes in the Late Silurian} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 奥陶纪{Ordovician}; 符号{Sign}: O; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}500百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}60百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 藻类广泛发育。海生无脊椎动物和三叶虫、笔石、头足类、腕足类、棘皮动物(海林檎)等非常繁盛,板足鲎类出现。发现可靠的四射珊瑚。钙藻发育{extensive development of algae; extraordinary abundance of marine invertebrates, trilobites, graptolites, cephalopods, brachiopods, echinoderms (cystoideas); appearance of eurypterids; discovery of authentic tetradactyl corals; development of calcareous algae} 宙{Eon}: 显生宙{Phanerozoic(PH)}; 代{Era}: 古生代(PZ){Palaeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 寒武纪{Cambrian}; 符号{Sign}: ; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}540百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}40百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 红藻、绿藻等开始繁盛。与元古代化石记录相比,若干门类无脊椎动物,尤其是三叶虫等开始繁荣。低等腕足类、古杯动物等发育{rise of red and green algae; growing abundance of sevearal phyla and classes of invertebrates, esp. trilobites compared with fossil records of the Proterozoic; development of low forms of brachiopods and archaeocyatha}宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 新元古代{Neoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 新元古纪III{Neoproterozoic III}; 符号{Sign}: NP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}650百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}110百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 出现全球后生动物,具刺疑源类再度繁盛,并出现早期胚胎化石{appearance of metazoa; re-prosperity of acathomorphic acritarchs; appearance of early embryo fossils} 宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 新元古代{Neoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 成冰纪{Cryogenian}; 符号{Sign}: NP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}850百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 全球雪球事件,为生物低潮{‘snow ball’ in many continents; lower evolution of fauna and flora}宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 新元古代{Neoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 拉伸纪{Tonian}; 符号{Sign}: NP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}1000百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}150百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 首次出现大型具刺疑源类{first appearance of acathomorphic acritarchs} 宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 中元古代{Mesoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 狭带纪{Stenian}; 符号{Sign}: MP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}1200百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、褐藻发育,出现大型宏观藻类{development of blue green algae and brown algae; appearance of macroscopic algae} 宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 中元古代{Mesoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 延展纪{Ectasian}; 符号{Sign}: MP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}1400百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、褐藻发育,出现大型宏观藻类{development of blue green algae and brown algae; appearance of macroscopic algae} 宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 中元古代{Mesoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 盖层纪{Calymmian}; 符号{Sign}: MP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}1600百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、褐藻发育,出现大型宏观藻类{development of blue green algae and brown algae; appearance of macroscopic algae} 宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 古元古代{Paleoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 固结纪{Statherian}; 符号{Sign}: PP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}1800百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、细菌繁盛{prosperity of blue green algae and bacteria}宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 古元古代{Paleoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 造山纪{Orosirian}; 符号{Sign}: PP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}2050百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}250百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、细菌繁盛{prosperity of blue green algae and bacteria}宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 古元古代{Paleoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 层侵纪{Rhyacian}; 符号{Sign}: PP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}2300百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}250百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、细菌繁盛{prosperity of blue green algae and bacteria}宙{Eon}: 元古宙{Protorozoic(PR)}; 代{Era}: 古元古代{Paleoproterozoic}; 纪{Period}: 成铁纪{Siderian}; 符号{Sign}: PP?; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}2500百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}200百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 蓝藻、细菌繁盛{prosperity of blue green algae and bacteria}宙{Eon}: 太古宙{(AR)Archeozoic}; 纪{Period}: 没有国际性的划分方案{no internationally acknowledged time boundary}; 同位素年龄{Isotopic age}: 开始时间{Start}4500百万年{million years} 持续时间{Duration}2100百万年{million years}; 生物发展的阶段{Development of organism}: 晚期有菌类和低等蓝藻存在,但可靠的化石记录不多{existence of bacteria and low forms of blue green algae in the Late Archaeozoic, with few reliable fossil records available}*译者注: 征得中国社会科学院语言研究所同意,双语版根据国际地层委员会和中国地层委员会各自公布的最新地层年表,更新了本表部分内容,以浅色网纹标出。{Translator's Note: The latest International Stratigraphic Charts published respectively by the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the Chinese Commission on Stratigraphy have rendered some of the information provided in the table in the 2002 Enlarged Edition of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary obsolete. With permission from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Linguistics, we have made some alterations accordingly, which are highlighted with a grey screen.}H |
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